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How Temperature Affects Viscosity

  How Temperature Affects Viscosity: Viscosity can be defined as the internal friction that occurs as a material flow, relative to itself....

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2018年8月7日星期二

International standards - Plastics and rubber

International standards - Plastics and rubber
ASTM D1238 This test method covers measurement of the rate of extrusion of molten resins through a die of a specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, and piston position in the barrel as the timed measurement is being made.
ASTM D1414 These test methods describe the procedures for determining the physical properties of O-rings and changes in these properties due to aging.
ASTM D1456 This test method covers determination of the elongation of soft vulcanized rubber compounds under a specified stress.
ASTM D1621 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics.
ASTM D1708 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), including thin films.
ASTM D1894 This test method covers determination of the coefficients of starting and sliding friction of plastic film and sheeting when sliding over itself or other substances at specified test conditions. The procedure permits the use of a stationary sled with a moving plane, or a moving sled with a stationary plane. Both procedures yield the same coefficients of friction values for a given sample.
ASTM D2412 This test method covers the determination of load-deflection characteristics of plastic pipe under parallel-plate loading.
ASTM D2653 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of "as produced" elastomeric yarns made from natural rubber, spandex or other elastomers, using a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
ASTM D2731 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of "as produced" elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
ASTM D2990 These test methods cover the determination of tensile and compressive creep and creep-rupture of plastics under specified environmental conditions
ASTM D3291 This practice determines the compatibility of plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) plastics by rating the amount of plasticizer that spews due to compressional stress set up inside a 180 loop bend.
ASTM D380 These test methods describe procedures for inspection and test of all types and constructions of rubber hose.
ASTM D3826 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick.
ASTM D3846 This test method covers the determination of the in-plane shear strength of reinforced thermosetting plastics in flat sheet form in thicknesses ranging from 2.54 to 6.60 mm (0.100 to 0.260 in.)
ASTM D3914 This test method covers the determination of the in-plane shear strength of pultruded, glass-fiber reinforced, thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 19 to 32 mm (¾ to 1¼ in.)
ASTM D3916 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tensile properties of pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 3.2 mm (1/ 8 in.) to 25.4 mm (1 in.)
ASTM D395 These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to compressive stresses in air or liquid media. They are applicable particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings, vibration dampers, and seals.
ASTM D412 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials.
ASTM D413 These test methods cover the determination of the adhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubber or the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubber attached to other material.
ASTM D429 These test methods cover procedures for testing the static adhesional strength of rubber to rigid materials (in most cases metals).
ASTM D4321 This test method covers the determination of yield (area per unit mass) of plastic film.
ASTM D4475 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods.
ASTM D4476 This test method covers the determination of the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods.
ASTM D4482 This test method covers the determination of fatigue life of rubber compounds undergoing a tensile-strain cycle. During part of the cycle, the strain is relaxed to a zero value.
ASTM D5083 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test specimens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.
ASTM D5748 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate, a single test velocity.
ASTM D575 These test methods describe two test procedures for determining the compression-deflection characteristics of rubber compounds other than those usually classified as hard rubber and sponge rubber.
ASTM D5868 This test method describes a lap shear test for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of adhesives for joining fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals. The method is applicable to random and fiber oriented FRP.
ASTM D6049 The viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds are determined by subjecting cylindrical test pieces to a compression/recovery cycle. The dependency on shear rate at constant shear stress is evaluated and the material fatigue behavior is determined in repeat cycle testing.
ASTM D6147 This standard specifies two methods for determining the decrease in counterforce exerted by a test specimen of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic elastomer which has been compressed at a constant deformation under specified conditions of time and temperature.
ASTM D624 This test method describes procedures for measuring a property of conventional vulcanized thermoset rubber and thermoplastic elastomers called tear strength.
ASTM D6272 This test method covers the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes.
ASTM D6324 These test methods cover and shall be used to evaluate male condoms made of various synthetic materials.
ASTM D638 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.
ASTM D6515 This test method covers a procedure to determine the recovery response of rubber after particular bending deformation, subsequent to aging in selected media at a specified temperature, and for a specified time period, thus providing a measure of the relative performance potential of compounds used in the manufacture of shaft seals.
ASTM D6742 This practice provides instructions for modifying open-hole tension and compression test methods to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths.
ASTM D6746 This test method describes a method to evaluate a characteristic of raw rubber or unvulcanized rubber compounds, or both, that is designated as tensile green strength.
ASTM D695 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading.
ASTM D732 This test method covers the punch-type of shear test and is intended for use in determining the shear strength of test specimens of organic plastics in the form of sheets and molded disks in thicknesses from 0.127 to 12.7 mm (0.050 to 0.500 in.)
ASTM D790 These test methods cover the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes.
ASTM D882 These test methods describe tests to measure the properties of adhesives, commonly called rubber cements, that may be applied in plastic or fluid form and that are manufactured from natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic elastomers, or combinations of these materials.
ASTM D926 This test method covers the determination of plasticity and recovery of unvulcanized rubber by means of the parallel plate plastometer. Uncompounded, compounded, and reclaim rubber may be tested.
ASTM D953 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet or molded form.
ASTM F1304 This test method is used to determine the deflection of relatively rigid resilient floor tile such as vinyl composition tile.
ASTM F152 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature.
ASTM F1574 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
ASTM F2018 This test method covers the requirements to determine the time-to-failure of thermoplastic resins for piping applications by uniaxial loading of a grooved tensile test specimen.
ASTM F36 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials.
ASTM F607 This test method provides a means of determining the degree to which gasket materials under compressive load adhere to metal surfaces.
ASTM F806 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.

2017年9月27日星期三

Test Standard for Most of Materials

Abbreviation

Result
Type
China Stander
Solvent
Capillary type
TEMP(℃)
Washing solvent
Foreign standards
PET

Intrinsic viscosity
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
Polyethylene terephthalate
GB 17931-03
GB/T14190-08
GB/T 1632.5-08
phenol tetrachloroethane(3:2)0.88
phenol tetrachloroethane(1:1)0.84
Ⅰc:0.84
25
Chloroform、Acetone
ISO 1628-5
ASTM D 4603
PBT
Intrinsic viscosity
聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯
英文名polybutylene terephthalate
FZ/T51005-11
phenol tetrachloroethane(3:2)0.88
Ⅰc
25
Acetone
ISO 1628-5
DIN 53727/3
PA


Intrinsic viscosity
聚酰胺(尼龙)
Polyamide/Nylon
GB/T12006.1-09
Sulfuric acid(96%)
Ⅱ:1.13
25
Sulfuric acid
ISO 307
Formic acid(90%)
Ⅰ:0.63
25
甲酸(90%)
ISO 307
ASTM D 789
m-Cresol
Ⅱ:1.13
25
Dichloromethane
DIN 53727
ISO 307
PAM
Intrinsic viscosity->molecular weight
聚丙烯酰胺(水处理剂)Poly(acrylamide)
GBT12005.1
Sodium chloride
4-0.55
4-0.57
30
铬酸洗液,水

PC
Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚碳酸酯
Polycarbonate
HG/T 2234-91
Dichloromethane
0c:0.47
25
Dichloromethane
ISO 1628-4
PVC
Viscosityreduced viscosity)、constant value
聚氯乙烯
Polyvinyl chloride
GB/T 3401-07
环已酮
Ⅰ:0.63
Ⅰc :0.84
25
Acetone
ISO 1628-2
ASTM D1243
TP
Viscosityreduced viscosity
热塑性均聚和共聚型聚酯
Thermoplastic polyester(TP) homopolymers and copolymers
GB/T1632.5
phenol tetrachloroethane(3:2)
Ⅰc :0.84
25
Acetone
ISO 1628-5
PCT
Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚对苯二甲酸环乙烯二亚甲基醇脂
GB/T1632.5
phenol tetrachloroethane(3:2)
Ⅰc:0.84
25
Acetone
ISO 1628-5
PEN
Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯
polyet hy2 lene nap ht halate
GB/T1632.5
phenol tetrachloroethane(3:2)
苯酚/三氯苯酚(3:2)
Ⅰc:0.84
25
Acetone
ISO 1628-5
URU
Viscosity/Intrinsic viscosity
聚氯醚树脂
Poly vinyl chloride resin
HG/T3605
环已酮:亚甲基酸(250:1)
3-0.59
50
环已酮

POM
Viscosity/Intrinsic viscosity
聚甲醛树脂
Polyformaldehyde/acetaln resins
HG/T3604
对氯苯酚:α-蒎烯(98:2)
3-0.71
60
对氯苯酚


Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚对苯二甲酸烷撑二脂
HG/T2364
苯酚:二氯苯(1:1)
间甲酚
Ⅰc:0.84
Ⅱ:1.13
25
铬酸溶液
ISO 1628-5
PAN
Intrinsic viscosity
聚丙烯腈
Polyacrylonitrile

氯化锂\Dimethylformamide溶剂
Ic:0.84
25
Dimethylformamide,Acetone

PMMA

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
Polymethylmethacrylate
HG/T2626-94
HG/T2627-94
三氯甲烷
0c:0.47
Ⅰ:0.63
25
Acetone
Chloroform

ISO 1628/6
PP
Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚丙烯
polypropylene
GB/T 1632.3-10
decahydronaphthalene(加稳定剂)
0b
0a:0.53
135
decahydronaphthalene(工艺级)
DIN 53728/4
ISO 1191
PE
Viscosityreduced viscosity
聚乙烯
polyethylene
GB/T 1632.3-10
decahydronaphthalene(加稳定剂)
0b
0a:0.53
135
decahydronaphthalene(工艺级)
ISO 1628-3
ASTMD1601
PS
Intrinsic viscosity
聚苯乙烯
Polystyrene

Toluene
Ⅰ:0.63
25
Toluene、Acetone

PIB

聚异丁烯
Polyisobutylene

Dimethylformamide
Ⅰc :0.84
25
Dimethylformamide,Acetone

PSU

聚砜
polysulfone

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Ⅰc :0.84
25
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
Acetone

PLA

聚乳酸酯
Polylactic Acid/
Polylactide

Chloroform
0c:0.47
25
Chloroform、Acetone

SAN

苯乙烯/丙烯腈共聚物
acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer

Dimethylformamide
Ⅰc:0.84
25
Dimethylformamide
Acetone

SB

苯乙烯/丁二烯共聚物
Styrene/butadiene copolymer

Toluene
0c:0.47
Ⅰ:0.63
25
Toluene、Acetone

TPU

热塑塑料聚氨基甲酸乙酯/聚氨酯Ethyl carbamate
Polyurethane/

Dimethylformamide
Ⅰc:0.84
25
Dimethylformamide
Acetone

PU

聚氨酯(聚氨基甲酸酯)
polyurethane

Dimethylformamide




CA
Viscosityviscosity ratio
乙醋纤维素
HG/T 2758
Dichloromethane Methanol solvent
M1
25

ISO 1157
Chitin
Intrinsic viscosity->Averagemolecular weight
甲壳素
Chitin
SC/T 3403
ChemicalBookⅥG
Acetic acid

25
30
Distilled water

MCC
Intrinsic viscosity->Averagemolecular weight
微晶纤维素

AVICEL PH;AVICEL PH 101(R)
ChemicalBookⅥG
CUPRIETHYLENEDIAMINE
Oc:0.47
Ic:0.84

10%Acetic acid
BASF

Intrinsic viscosity->Averagemolecular weight
羟丙甲纤维素
Hypromellose
ChemicalBookⅥG
Distilled water
Oa:0.53




kinematic viscosity
硅油类
Polydimethylsiloxane


根据粘度范围

Methanol60-90


Specific viscosity->Polymerization Degree
浆柏\棉纤维
Pulp \ cotton fiber
GB/T9107(0.80)
铜氨溶液
Ⅰ:0.63
25
10%Acetic acid


limit viscosity
水处理剂
Water treatment agent
GB/T22593-2008

Oa:0.53
30



Intrinsic viscosity(马丁法)
粘胶纤维用浆粕(棉/木/竹/麻浆粕)
Pulps for viscose fibres (cotton / Wood / bamboo / hemp pulp)
FZ/T
50010.3-1998


20

ISO 5351/1

relative viscosity->Intrinsic viscosity->Polymerization Degree
兰麻 纤维素
Bast fiber
GB 5888-86
铜乙二胺溶液
bis(1,2-ethanediamine-n,n')-copper(dihydroxide) 
奥式0.5 0.6
25
10%Acetic acid
Polymerization Degree
PVAL
AveragePolymerization Degree
聚乙烯醇树脂
polyvinyl alcohol
GB 12010.5
Distilled water
Distilled water
奥 0.6
30

Polymerization Degree

AveragePolymerization Degree
聚乙烯醇
polyvinyl alcohol,vinylalcohol polymer
GB 12010.5
Distilled water
Distilled water
奥 0.6



PPS





250











Kent Yuan (Mr.)
Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology Co., LTD.
 /Wahtsapp: +86 15068109723  lei@zonwon.com