Common Characteristics of Chemical Fibers

Common Characteristics of Chemical Fibers

常见化学纤维的特性

一、粘胶（吸湿易染）：

是人造纤维素纤维，由溶液法纺丝制得，由于纤维芯层与外层的凝固速率不一致，形成皮芯结构——横截面切片可明显看出。粘胶是普通化纤中吸湿最强的，染色性很好，穿着舒适感好，粘胶弹性差，湿态下的强度，耐磨性很差，所以粘胶不耐水洗，尺寸稳定性差。比重大，织物重，耐碱不耐酸。

用途广泛，几乎所有类型的纺织品都会用到它，如长丝作衬里、美丽绸、旗帜、飘带、轮胎帘子线等；短纤维作仿棉、仿毛、混纺、交织等。

First, viscose (hygroscopic and easy to dye):

It is a man-made cellulosic fiber, which is made by solution spinning. Since the solidification rate of the fiber core layer is different from that of the outer layer, the structure of the skin core is formed—the cross-sectional slice can be clearly seen. Viscose is the most absorbent of ordinary chemical fiber, has good dyeability, good wearing comfort, poor visco-elasticity, weak wet strength, and poor abrasion resistance, so viscose is not resistant to washing and poor dimensional stability. Larger than the weight, fabric weight, alkali-resistant acid.

Widely used, almost all types of textiles will use it, such as filaments for lining, beautiful silk, flags, ribbons, tire cords, etc.; short fibers for imitation cotton, wool-like, blended, interwoven and so on.

二、涤纶（挺括不皱）：

强度高、耐冲击性好，耐热，耐腐，耐蛀，耐酸不耐碱，耐光性很好（仅次于腈纶），曝晒1000小时，强力保持60-70%，吸湿性很差，染色困难，织物易洗快干，保形性好。“洗可穿”

用途也较广：长丝——常作为低弹丝，制作各种纺织品；短纤：棉、毛、麻等均可混纺，工业上：轮胎帘子线，渔网、绳索，滤布，缘绝材料等。是目前化纤中用量最大的。
Second, polyester (rigid not wrinkle):

High strength, good impact resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, resistance to rubbing, acid and alkali resistance, good light resistance (after acrylic), exposure to 1000 hours, strong retention of 60-70%, poor moisture absorption, dyeing Difficulty, the fabrics are easy to wash and dry, and good shape retention. "wash and wear"

It also has a wide range of uses: Filament - often used as a low elasticity yarn to make a variety of textiles; staple fiber: cotton, wool, hemp, etc. can be blended, industrial: tire cords, fishing nets, ropes, filter cloth, border material Wait. Is the largest amount of chemical fiber.

三、锦纶（结实耐磨）：

最大特点是结实耐磨，是最优的一种。

密度小，织物轻，弹性好，耐疲劳破坏，化学稳定性也很好，耐碱不耐酸

最大缺点是耐日光性不好，织物久晒就会变黄，强度下降，吸湿也不好，但比腈纶，涤纶好。

用途：长丝，多用于针织和丝绸工业；短纤，大都与羊毛或毛型化纤混纺，作华达呢，凡尼丁等。工业：帘子线和渔网，也可作地毯，绳索，传送带，筛网等。
Third, nylon (strong wear resistance):

The most important feature is strong wear resistance, which is the best one.

Low density, light fabric, good elasticity, fatigue resistance, good chemical stability, alkali-resistant

The biggest disadvantage is that it is not able to resist sunlight, and the fabric will turn yellow when it is exposed to the sun for a long time. The strength is reduced and the moisture absorption is not good, but it is better than acrylic and polyester.

Uses: Filament, mostly used in knitting and silk industry; staple fiber, mostly blended with wool or wool chemical fiber, for Huada, Vandidine, etc. Industry: Cords and fishing nets, also used as carpets, ropes, conveyors, screens, etc.

四、腈纶（膨松耐晒）：

腈纶的性能很象羊毛，所以叫“合成羊毛”。

腈纶在内部大分结构上很独特，呈不规则的螺旋形构象，且没有严格的结晶晶区，但有高序排列与低序排列之分。由于这种结构使腈纶具有很好的热弹性（可加工膨体纱），腈纶密度小，比羊毛还小，织物保暖性好。

腈纶：耐日光性与耐气候性很好（居第一位），吸湿差，染色难。

纯粹的丙烯腈纤维，由于内部结构紧密，服用性能差，所以通过加入第二，第三单体，改善其性能，第二单体改善：弹性和手感，第三单体改善染色性。

用途：主要作民用，可纯纺也可混纺，制成多种毛料、毛线、毛毯、运动服也可：人造毛皮、长毛绒，膨体纱，水龙带，阳伞布等。
Fourth, acrylic (bullish and fast):

The performance of acrylic is very much like wool, so it is called "synthetic wool".

Acrylics are unique in the structure of the internal macro-encapsulation. They are in an irregular spiral conformation, and there are no strict crystallographic regions, but there are high-order and low-order arrangements. Due to this structure, the acrylic fiber has a very good thermal elasticity (processable bulked yarn), the acrylic fiber has a small density, is smaller than the wool, and the fabric has good thermal insulation properties.

Acrylic: Good resistance to sunlight and weather resistance (first place), poor moisture absorption, difficult dyeing.

Pure acrylonitrile fibers, due to their tight internal structure and poor handling properties, are improved in their properties by the addition of second and third monomers. The second monomer improves: elasticity and feel, and the third monomer improves dyeability.

Uses: mainly for civilian use, can be pure spinning can also be blended, made of a variety of wool, wool, blankets, sportswear can also be: artificial fur, plush, expanded yarn, hose, parasol cloth and so on.

五、维纶（价廉耐用）：

最大特点是吸湿性大，合成纤维中最好的，号称“合成棉花”。强度比锦、涤差，化学稳定性好，不耐强酸，耐碱。耐日光性与耐气候性也很好，但它耐干热而不耐湿热（收缩）弹性最差，织物易起皱，染色较差，色泽不鲜艳。

用途：多和棉花混纺：细布，府绸，灯芯绒，内衣，帆布，防水布，包装材料，劳动服等。

Fifth. Vinyl (cheap and durable):

The biggest feature is the high hygroscopicity, the best synthetic fiber, known as "synthetic cotton." The strength is poorer than that of nylon and polyester, chemical stability is good, and it is not resistant to strong acid and alkali. The resistance to sunlight and weather is also very good, but it is resistant to dry heat and heat resistance (shrinkage) the worst elasticity, fabric wrinkles, poor dyeing, color is not bright.

Uses: Multi-cotton blends: fine cloth, poplin, corduroy, underwear, canvas, tarpaulins, packaging materials, labor wear, etc.

六、丙纶（质轻保暖）：

最轻的纤维。它几乎不吸湿，但具有良好的芯吸能力，强度高，织物尺寸稳定，耐磨弹性也不错，化学稳定性好。但：热稳定性差，不耐日晒，易于老化脆损。

用途：可以织袜，蚊帐布，被絮，保暖填料、尿布湿等。工业上：地毯、渔网，帆布，水龙带，医学上带代替棉纱布，做卫生用品。
Six, polypropylene (light and warmth):

The lightest fiber. It is almost non-hygroscopic, but has good wicking ability, high strength, stable fabric dimensions, good abrasion resistance and good chemical stability. However: poor thermal stability, intolerance to the sun, easy to aging and crisp.

Uses: Can weave socks, mosquito net cloth, bedding, warm stuffing, wet diapers and so on. Industrial: carpets, fishing nets, canvases, hoses, medical belts instead of cotton gauze, and hygiene products.

七、氨纶（弹性纤维）：

弹性最好，强度最差，吸湿差，有较好的耐光、耐酸、耐碱、耐磨性。

Seven, spandex (elastic fiber):

The best elasticity, the worst strength, poor moisture absorption, good light resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, abrasion resistance.

Tags: fibersviscosepolyesternylonacrylicVinylpolypropylenespandex