Determination of viscosity of polymer by using Ubbelohde viscometer

Abstract: viscosity experiment notes: 1) the temperature of constant temperature water bath has a great influence on viscosity measurement. The temperature fluctuation of water bath should be within the range of + 0.05 DEG C, and the temperature of the water in the constant temperature water bath should be uniform. 2) capillary Ubbelohde viscometer must use clean liquid soaked and washed with water, can be used for drying the rear 105. 3) must be fixed on the vertical viscometer in constant temperature water bath. Otherwise, it will affect the velocity of flow and cause the error of measurement result. 4) after each dilution, the liquid in the viscometer must be mixed evenly. The method is to clamp the hose of the C tube, receive the gas from the B tube, mix the liquid in the D ball of the viscometer evenly, and then rinse the liquid in the D ball.

1. Basic principles

1.1, the viscosity of polymer solutions has the following definitions:

(1): relative viscosity ηr representation as . Among them, η0, it’s the pure solvent viscosity. η is the viscosity of solutions at the same temperature. ηr is a dimensionless quantity.

For low shear rate polymer solutions, the values are generally greater than 1. Obviously, with the increase of the concentration of ηr solution will increase.

(2): specific viscosity: indicated by ηsp, is compared with the solvent viscosity increase the fraction.

(3): Specific viscosity（）

Ratio of solution to specific viscosity to solution concentration

                          

The viscosity of the solution when the solution is infinitely diluted is independent of the concentration, and its dimension is the reciprocal of the concentration cm3/g

1.2 One point method

2. Device diagram

As a common three branch glass viscometer.It has a capillary with a diameter of R and a length of L. At the top of the capillary there is a small ball with a size of V. There are lines a and B on the top and bottom of the ball. In the experiment, the C pipe is closed when the liquid is pumped from the A tube to the B tube, and then the C tube is passed through the atmosphere so that the liquid level at the lower end of the capillary drops. The liquid in the capillary forms a gas suspension column and flows down the pipe wall at the lower end of the capillary. This can avoid the exit turbulence as possible, and the equivalent average (which is the liquid column to suspension column height) with A tube liquid level.

Following the principle of determination of the viscosity of the liquid to be tested: adding self A tube, B tube by liquid suction to the a line above the B pipe through the atmosphere, let it flow down, record level through a and B line t.

3, Operation procedures and matters attention

Take the measured liquid along the inner wall of the tube into the A viscometer ball D. The viscometer is vertically fixed in a constant temperature water bath. Water temperature should be 25 - 0.05 DEG C, the water level higher than the buffer (upper B tube ball ball), placed 15 minutes, B tube and C tube are respectively connected with a latex tube, C tube hose clamp, B pipe mouth pumping; the test solution level increased to buffer the ball slowly part of the first open B nozzle, and then release the C nozzle, the test solution in the tube falls naturally, with a stopwatch accurate record level self-testing a down to fixed line by line B at the outflow time, were determined for two times, two times the difference should not exceed 0.1 seconds, averaged two times for the test solution the outflow time (T).

Matters needing attention：

1) the temperature of the constant temperature water bath has a great influence on the viscosity measurement. The temperature fluctuation of the water bath should be within the range of + 0.05, and the temperature of the water in the constant temperature water bath should be uniform.

2) capillary Ubbelohde viscometer must use clean liquid soaked and washed with water, can be used for drying the rear 105.

3) must be fixed on the vertical viscometer in constant temperature water bath. Otherwise, it will affect the velocity of flow and cause the error of measurement result.

4) after each dilution, the liquid in the viscometer must be mixed evenly. The method is clamped C pipe hose, B tube gas, the mixed liquid D in uniform ball viscometer, ball, and then pumped D buffer liquid in the washing ball viscometer determination of ball (A and B line between the ball on the B tube), capillary 2-3 times.

Kent Yuan (Mr.) Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology Co., LTD.

P  /Wahtsapp: +86 15068109723  E lei@zonwon.com

Coyp right by @Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology CO.,LTD

IVS800H Automatic（High Temperature）Viscometer

IVS800H Automatic（High Temperature）Viscometer

Introduction：

IVS800H Automatic（High Temperature）Viscometer was designed for testing the intrinsic viscosity and viscosity average molecular weight of PE, PP and their copolymers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene at temperature 135 degree. It was applied our company’s new independent innovation Z shape ubbelohde viscometer (Patent No.: ZL 201320467957.8). By adding the sample from below, it can automatically determine the level height, simplified the automatic sampling, automatic cleaning and other operations, easy to achieve full automatic testing.

Features

The Z shape ubbelohde viscometer (Patent No.: ZL 201320467957.8) is IVS800H’s Core components. We are added the sample from below. We use the sample bottle replacing the liquid storage ball. The Z shape ubbelohde viscometer works together with 6 units constant temperature sample tray and sample syringe. This machine can achieve sampling, replacing, washing, drying automatically. It meets the ISO1628-3 and GB/1632-3 stander. It can not only deals with Single Point experiment, but also can do linear extrapolation test. Extrapolation software program is also the first in the country.

Critical Technology：

1）Max temperature up to 150 degree; Temperature fluctuation / uniformity: ± 0.05 degree.

2)  Imported stainless steel optical-fiber system. It will not aging when

Placed in water or oil long time. With this character, it can avoid damages

Causes by long time soak in the water or oil environment, and ensure system

Operation long-term and reliable.

Meanwhile, the system has the intelligent adaptive optics system.

It will auto adjust the fiber strength to ensure the measurement data accuracy

and extend the life of the system, according to the viscometer, Viscosity

tube, solution, water quality, optical fiber transmittance,etc.

3） Automatic injection technology. Put the prepared solvent, dissolution and cleaning agent in the sample tray. Then operate the PC to control single measurement, continuous measurement, and cleaning automatically. It achieves viscometer tube cleaning without taking out the tube.

Easy operation, safe and Environmental protection.

4） The main engine connects the PC by a data line. It’s convenient, quick and reduce the probability of communication failure.

5）IVS800H’s software can provide different viscosity calculation formula based different filed need. Such as Solvent viscosity, dynamic viscosity, Solomon - Hugh tower, serial extrapolation and other formulas. It will work out the result automatically according to user’s selection.

6）Constant temperature sample tray: It reduces the temperature difference between sample and bath. Time saving and more Efficient.

7）New sample can be added while measuring process is working. It can adjust the vacuum pump pressure to fit different sample.

8）All the materials of pipeline are resistant to strong acid, alkali, organic solvent.

9）The machine uses replacing method to clean the tubes. No need to disassemble viscometer and reduce reagent consumption and operation;

10） Automatic injection and online cleaning, drying. drying; Cleaning and drying rapidly.

11）Multi modes for cleaning and dry: single or multi cleaning agent(according to customer sample requirements)optional, cleaning times and speed can be adjusted;

During drying, user can choose to dry under room temperature

or constant temperature. It has the function of cleaning and

drying the viscometer tube. When the machine power off, the tube

can be in the liquid or full air state, ready for the next test.

Performance parameters：

1）          Timing range：0-999.99 S

2）          Timing resolution：0.01 S

3）          Temperature range：Ambient temperature～150℃ 

4）          Temperature fluctuation/uniformity：±0.05℃

5）          Heating power： 1000 W

6）          Tank inner size（L×W×H）：22×16×32 cm

7）          Tank outer size（L×W×H）：37×62×60 cm

8）          Power: AC  220V，50Hz

Standard practice:

Measuring stander：  

GB/T 1632.3-2010 Plastics - Determination of the viscosity of polymers in dilute solutions by capillary viscometer – Section third: polyethylene and polypropylene (HDPE and PP)

Product design standards: GB4457-4460, GB131 mechanical drawing national standards

Dimension standard: GB1800-1804 Tolerance and coordination with national standards

Geometric tolerances: GB1182-1184 National standard for geometric tolerances

Production inspection standards: GB4793.1-2007 - General requirements for the safety of electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.

Packing list：

Number	Item name	Quantity
1	IVS800H Automatic viscometer	1
2	Sample bottle	At clients request
3	Automatic sample tray	1
4	Waste bottle	1
5	Z shape ubbelohde visometer	1
6	Installation package	1
7	Software	1

Kent Yuan (Mr.) Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology Co., LTD.

P  /Wahtsapp: +86 15068109723  E lei@zonwon.com

Coyp right by @Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology CO.,LTD

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVB) properties, Viscosity and Application

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVB) properties, Viscosity and Application

Abstract: polyvinyl butyral resin (Polyvinyl Butyral Resin referred to as PVB) has good membranous coating, the formation of PVB with high transparency, flexibility, toughness, strong resistance, oil resistance, low temperature resistance and flexible characteristics of the impact of the superior, and PVB has a special chemical structure, so it has excellent adhesive property to glass, metal, ceramic powder, plastic, leather and wood; in addition a good dispersion of pigments and dyes, and also has a good compatibility with other resins.

PVB Introducing

Polyvinyl butyral resin (Polyvinyl Butyral Resin referred to as PVB) is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a solvent resin in coal under the action of contact aldehyde acetal reaction synthesis. PVB has good membranous coating, the formation of PVB with high transparency, flexibility, toughness, strong resistance, oil resistance, low temperature resistance and flexible characteristics of the impact of the superior, and PVB has a special chemical structure, so it has excellent then of glass, metal, plastic, and ceramic powder leather and wood; in addition a good dispersion of pigments and dyes, and also has a good compatibility with other resins.

Because PVB contains a considerable proportion of hydroxyl (Hydroxyl, group), it can be a number of thermosetting resin bridging reaction to enhance the chemical resistance and film hardness and other properties. Because the PVB resin has a variety of excellent characteristics of the above, the middle laminated safety glass membrane, it is widely used in automobile and building of rust paint, paint, wood paint, printing ink, electronic ceramic printed circuit board and adhesive, metal and metal, metal and plastic between adhesive and hot melt adhesive. Modifier, textile Tiewei waterproof processing etc.. Various new industrial applications have also been continuously developed and applied.

PVB features

General characteristics

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin for the appearance of white spherical multi porosity granules or powder, the proportion of 1:1; but the filling density is only 0.20~0. 35g/ml.

Thermal properties

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin glass transition temperature (Tg) by low degree of 50oC, until the high contact ratio between 90oC; the glass transition temperature can be added to the amount of the adjustment of the plasticizer below 100C.

Mechanical properties

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin film and film, and give quite good resistance by strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, elasticity, flexibility, gloss and other properties; especially in the middle of laminated safety glass membrane, the glass has strong impact resistance and resistance to penetration, to replace the current is still not for other materials.

Chemical properties

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resin coating has good water resistance, oil resistance and tolerance (of aliphatic, mineral, animal and plant oil has the resistance, but not resistant to castor oil). Because of PVB containing high hydroxyl, with good dispersion of pigment, so it is widely used in printing inks and coatings. In addition, the chemical structure contains hydrophobic acetal groups and acetic acid groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so PVB and glass, metal, plastic, leather and wood have good continuity.

Chemical reaction properties

Any alcohol and two reactive chemicals, and also PVB will react, so the application of PVB in many cases, often with thermosetting resin with the medial, and PVB plays a bridging hydroxyl to hardening effect, chemical resistance, solvent resistance and water resistance properties. Of course, depending on the type of thermosetting resin and the ratio of the mixture to the PVB, different properties such as hardness, toughness, and impact resistance can be dispensed... Coating film, etc..

Safety Properties

Pure PVB non-toxic and harmless to the human body, coupled with the use of ethyl acetate or alcohol as a solvent, so PVB by Europe and the United States should be widely used in food containers and plastic packaging printing ink.

Storage

PVB can be kept for two years without contact with water without affecting its quality. PVB should be stored in a cool and dry place and avoid direct sunlight. When PVB is stored, the pressure should be avoided.

Solubility

PVB is soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters and other solvents. The solubility of various solvents varies according to the composition of the functional groups of the PVB itself. Please refer to the CCP PVB solvent solubility table. In general, all alcohol solvent soluble, but methanol for high acetal is insoluble; the higher the acetal group were more soluble in ketones and esters solvent solvent; PVB were soluble in ether (Cellosolve) solvent; PVB only partially dissolved in xylene and toluene aromatic solvent; PVB insoluble in hydrocarbon solvents (Hydrocarbon).

Viscosity characteristics of PVB solutions

The viscosity of PVB solution by the great effect of the type of formula and solvent; generally speaking, in terms of alcohol as the solvent, the molecular weight of alcohol is higher, while the viscosity of the PVB solution is also higher; xylene and toluene as solvent and aromatic hydrocarbons (Hydrocarbon) solvent can be diluted agent to reduce the viscosity of the PVB solution on; effect of chemical composition on the viscosity of PVB is summarized as follows, in the same solvent, the content of each group under the same degree of polymerization, the higher the solution viscosity is high; the same in the same solvent, polymerization degree, acetal or acetic acid based higher solution viscosity is low.

Dissolution method of PVB

The use of mixed solvent occasions, the first step is dissolved into aromatic solvents (such as xylene and toluene) or solvents (such as n-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, etc.) to stir slowly into the PVB to PVB dispersion, bentonite and adding alcohols (such as butanol, ethanol, etc.) at this time by Heating Thawing time; using this dissolution method, can avoid a mass (Lump) PVB (due to the formation of mass PVB after lysis time will increase several times, which can accelerate the dissolution rate). Generally aromatic species and alcohols solvent ratio 60/40 ~ 40/60 (weight ratio), can be deployed low viscosity PVB solution. The hydrogen content (Hydrogen, bonding) of the alcohol solvent can be increased by the water content of 2 to 3wt% in the solvent composition, which can help the solubility of PVB.

Processing, Properties

Although PVB is a thermoplastic plastic resin, but before adding plasticizer almost no processing, but after the processing of adding plasticizer is very easy. PVB and phosphate (phosphate ester) such as TBP, TCP; phthalic acid ester (two phthalated ester), such as DOP, DBP, BBP and castor; oil, triethylene glycol di-butyrate compatible plasticizer. General paint and then agent uses to change the resin properties to meet the application requirements by adding plasticizers, such as skin softness, reducing the resin Tg, reducing temperature, heat sealing to maintain low temperature flexibility etc..

Compatibility

PVB is compatible with a wide range of resins such as phenolic resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins (Alkyd, resin) and melamine resins (Melamine, resin). B-08SY, B-06SY and B-05SY with higher degree of acetalization of nitrocellulose in any proportion. PVB and alkyd resin can be partially compatible. In general, PVB and low molecular weight epoxy resins are compatible, while high molecular weight epoxy resins require PVB with high acetal content.

Main applications of PVB with different viscosities

Viscosity CPS      Application

60-100            plastic finishing agent

60~150            PVB intermediate membrane

210~270           copper foil agent

120~180           copper foil agent

80~120            copper foil agent

150~220           copper foil agent

100~150           copper foil agent

60~100            copper foil agent

120~180           rust primer, transfer ink, ceramic agent

70~100            rust primer, transfer ink, ceramic agent

40~70             printing ink, transfer ink, ceramic agent

35~60             printing ink, transfer ink, ceramic agent

10~30             corrosion primer, transfer ink, printing ink

90~150            baking finish

100~160           ceramic agent

30~80             ceramic agent

10~30             ceramic agent

Distribution of degree of polymerization and molecular weight distribution of PVB

Polymerization (DP)            molecular weight distribution (MW)

1,700~1,800            105,000~112,000

800~900                   51,000~57,000

600~700                   36,000~46,000

400~500                   25,000~28,000

300~400                   21,000~25,000

800~900                   51,000~57,000

600~700                   36,000~46,000

300~400                   21,000~25,500

2,400~2,500            140,000~150,000

2,000~2,100            120,000~130,000

1,700~1,800            105,000~112,000

Application of PVB

Additive/Rheology, Agent

PVB can improve the rheological properties of epoxy resins and improve the toughness of epoxy resins when they are additives such as composites and additives.

Wash, Primer/Etch, Primer/Shop, Primer

PVB Wash Primer is one of the main uses of PVB, used in iron and steel, galvanized iron, aluminum and other metal surface rust paper processing; common applications such as aircraft, ship, bridge, storage tank, automobile and motorcycle engine surface primer, train, highway signs, dam protection,

Automotive Repair/Retouch Lacquer

Automotive steel repair primer can be made of PVB resin / phenolic resin / epoxy resin coating formula, can achieve a good following strength.

Binders, for, Ceramics

Because PVB has the particle porosity and surface properties in particular, so put into the solvent can be quickly dissolved in polar and nonpolar solvents most, and to give strength and softness of the embryo is good, in addition to PVB and a variety of commonly used solvents and plasticizers can be compatible, at the same time in sintering process can completely clean combustion therefore, PVB is often used in forming the ceramic blade (Tape Casting) or other ceramic related processes (such as extrusion, injection, granulation...... Such as the use of adhesive).

Blake-lining Binder

PVB can improve the toughness of phenolic resin, so PVB and phenolic resin can be used as brake pads.

Can Coating/Stoving Enamels/Foil Lacquers
The PVB coating on aluminum, copper, lead and metal plate or metal foil can increase its strength and water-resistant properties, and has the function of surface protection; some metal printing engineering can increase its nationality PVB coating printability. PVB can be used for coating aluminum foil or metal cans for food packaging.

The general heat hardening resin coating (such as phenolic resin, melamine resin) and PVB, to improve the coating uniformity, and reduce the occurrence of pinholes, and then increase film strength and anti sideswiper, toughness and so on.

Candle Coating

PVB and the amount of plasticizer can be blended by candle wax impregnated glue can reduce the vertical flow; adding pigment can be made into candles painted lacquer.

Cardboard Packaging Impregnation

PVB is soluble in alcohol solvent and can be used as coating or spray paint for packing paperboard. It can endow the board with water resistance and bending resistance. Common applications such as cigarettes, wine boxes, etc..

Soncrete Paints

PVB and phenolic resin are used as the primers for cement surface, which can prevent the cement from seeping and protect the finish coat, and increase the service life of the finish coat.

Printing Inks

Because PVB has excellent film, adhesion, flexibility, can be used letterpress printing ink (Gravure Printing Inks), ink letterpress printing, rubber adhesive for letterpress printing; in addition PVB is soluble in low boiling point solvent used in fast printing.

Binder for Predispersed Pigments

Low viscosity PVB can be applied to the manufacture of disperse pigments.

Flow Agent in Powder Coatings

For powder coating without any solvent, can save solvent, storage and transportation costs and the traditional coating solvent for energy, and can avoid the air pollution, in recent years in the application are increasing; powder coating based on epoxy resin as the main body, adding PVB can increase the resistance value in effect and strength of edge-covering film the.

Sizing agent，alcoholic

Because of the transparency of PVB itself, it can be light resistant and aging resistant. It has strong adhesion to nylon, cotton, wool, polyester fiber, glass fiber and other difficult products, and the coating has good flexibility and good handle. If thermosetting resin such as urea resin, phenolic resin, melamine resin and so on from the bridge, reflecting the effective period of growth can be achieved, and given waterproof. Anti pollution, good appearance, can be used for curtains, shower curtain, tablecloths, coverings, rain, uniforms and other processing.

Gear Paints Resistant

Because PVB itself has good oil resistance, and thermosetting resin and coating by baking after crosslinking which has good adhesion and resistance to gasoline, oil and other characteristics, can be used for metal parts inside the tank or other oil resistant.

Heat Sealable Lacquers

Paper, metal foil or other materials after coating PVB glue, can be applied to packing material heat sealing, and can improve the luster of packing material, and also can get special effect by pressing lines. Heat sealing temperature to refer to all kinds of degree of polymerization of PVB and softening point, also can add plasticizer to reduce heat sealing temperature.

Hot Sealable Lacquers

PVB transferred to plasticizers, wax, resin flow and antioxidant as hot melt adhesive. It may also add pigments or other additives that are suitable for difficult, subsequent, or demanding occasions of transparency, followed by applications, such as metal foil bonding.

Implosion Protection

PVB and glass have good continuity, glass coating, PVB glue will form a layer of colorless transparent film, can prevent broken glass products, fragmentation, wounding, its application, such as the internal coating of the bulb.

Leather Coatings

PVB and nitrocellulose, plasticity and pigment with leather coating, can obtain excellent softness and then long and can prevent coating cracking peeling. The PVB mixture of nitrocellulose, can produce a strong adhesion of leather, leather and leather can be made into agent.

Strippable Packaging Lacquers

Low viscosity PVB and making the tearing temporary protection film with plasticizer.

Magnetic Recording Tape Coatings

The magnetic powder excellent dispersibility and then use PVB, can be used for high-grade adhesive tape

Nitrocellulose Lacquers

PVB and also part of the nitrocellulose compatibility, so PVB and PVB can improve the nitrocellulose film hardness, and then improve the nitrocellulose.

Paper Lacquer

Paper by coating PVB/ plasticizer system glue, besides the heat sealing and oil resistance but also can increase the print gloss.

Surface Finishes/Glossy Protection Paints

In addition to alcohols solvents, most solvents will corrode the surface of plastic products; and PVB is easily soluble in alcohol solvents, the most suitable for PS, PMMA, PC, ABS and other plastic products surface coating. On the plastic surface coating PVB protective film to increase strength, gloss or dyeing adhesive.

Pressure Sensitive Adhesive

Applied to OPP or PVC pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.

Printed Circuit Board Adhesive

PVB, phenolic resin and epoxy resin are used together. Copper foil is applied on copper foil, and then laminated with impregnated paper to form laminated board. Excellent heat resistance, peeling strength and dielectric property are obtained.

Reflecting Sheet Binder

The combination of PVB and amino resin is suitable for adhesion of reflector.

Safety Helmets for Work and Sport

Kevlar fiber or other fibers in PVB and phenolic resin glue or PVB modified glue dipping drying, light weight and safety helmet impact set good to hot pressing.

Binder for Nonwoven Cloth

PVB has good strength and softness for most fibers, so PVB can be applied to nonwoven fabrics and then.

Binder for Compression

PVB has good continuity with most of the fibers and powders, so PVB mixes with these substances and makes all kinds of objects in a hot pressing manner.

Kent Yuan (Mr.) Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology Co., LTD.

P  /Wahtsapp: +86 15068109723  E lei@zonwon.com

Coyp right by @Hangzhou Zhongwang Technology CO.,LTD