Polyvinyl
alcohol (PVB) properties, Viscosity and Application
Abstract: polyvinyl
butyral resin (Polyvinyl Butyral Resin referred to as PVB) has good membranous
coating, the formation of PVB with high transparency, flexibility, toughness,
strong resistance, oil resistance, low temperature resistance and flexible
characteristics of the impact of the superior, and PVB has a special chemical
structure, so it has excellent adhesive property to glass, metal, ceramic
powder, plastic, leather and wood; in addition a good dispersion of pigments
and dyes, and also has a good compatibility with other resins.
PVB
Introducing
Polyvinyl
butyral resin (Polyvinyl Butyral Resin referred to as PVB) is composed of
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a solvent resin in coal under the action of contact
aldehyde acetal reaction synthesis. PVB has good membranous coating, the
formation of PVB with high transparency, flexibility, toughness, strong
resistance, oil resistance, low temperature resistance and flexible
characteristics of the impact of the superior, and PVB has a special chemical
structure, so it has excellent then of glass, metal, plastic, and ceramic
powder leather and wood; in addition a good dispersion of pigments and dyes,
and also has a good compatibility with other resins.
Because
PVB contains a considerable proportion of hydroxyl (Hydroxyl, group), it can be
a number of thermosetting resin bridging reaction to enhance the chemical
resistance and film hardness and other properties. Because the PVB resin has a
variety of excellent characteristics of the above, the middle laminated safety
glass membrane, it is widely used in automobile and building of rust paint,
paint, wood paint, printing ink, electronic ceramic printed circuit board and
adhesive, metal and metal, metal and plastic between adhesive and hot melt
adhesive. Modifier, textile Tiewei waterproof processing etc.. Various new
industrial applications have also been continuously developed and applied.
PVB features
General
characteristics
Polyvinyl
butyral (PVB) resin for the appearance of white spherical multi porosity
granules or powder, the proportion of 1:1; but the filling density is only
0.20~0. 35g/ml.
Thermal
properties
Polyvinyl
butyral (PVB) resin glass transition temperature (Tg) by low degree of 50oC,
until the high contact ratio between 90oC; the glass transition temperature can
be added to the amount of the adjustment of the plasticizer below 100C.
Mechanical
properties
Polyvinyl
butyral (PVB) resin film and film, and give quite good resistance by strength,
tear strength, abrasion resistance, elasticity, flexibility, gloss and other
properties; especially in the middle of laminated safety glass membrane, the
glass has strong impact resistance and resistance to penetration, to replace
the current is still not for other materials.
Chemical
properties
Polyvinyl
butyral (PVB) resin coating has good water resistance, oil resistance and
tolerance (of aliphatic, mineral, animal and plant oil has the resistance, but
not resistant to castor oil). Because of PVB containing high hydroxyl, with
good dispersion of pigment, so it is widely used in printing inks and coatings.
In addition, the chemical structure contains hydrophobic acetal groups and
acetic acid groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, so PVB and glass, metal,
plastic, leather and wood have good continuity.
Chemical
reaction properties
Any
alcohol and two reactive chemicals, and also PVB will react, so the application
of PVB in many cases, often with thermosetting resin with the medial, and PVB
plays a bridging hydroxyl to hardening effect, chemical resistance, solvent
resistance and water resistance properties. Of course, depending on the type of
thermosetting resin and the ratio of the mixture to the PVB, different
properties such as hardness, toughness, and impact resistance can be
dispensed... Coating film, etc..
Safety
Properties
Pure
PVB non-toxic and harmless to the human body, coupled with the use of ethyl
acetate or alcohol as a solvent, so PVB by Europe and the United States should
be widely used in food containers and plastic packaging printing ink.
Storage
PVB
can be kept for two years without contact with water without affecting its
quality. PVB should be stored in a cool and dry place and avoid direct
sunlight. When PVB is stored, the pressure should be avoided.
Solubility
PVB
is soluble in alcohols, ketones, esters and other solvents. The solubility of
various solvents varies according to the composition of the functional groups
of the PVB itself. Please refer to the CCP PVB solvent solubility table. In
general, all alcohol solvent soluble, but methanol for high acetal is
insoluble; the higher the acetal group were more soluble in ketones and esters
solvent solvent; PVB were soluble in ether (Cellosolve) solvent; PVB only
partially dissolved in xylene and toluene aromatic solvent; PVB insoluble in
hydrocarbon solvents (Hydrocarbon).
Viscosity
characteristics of PVB solutions
The
viscosity of PVB solution by the great effect of the type of formula and
solvent; generally speaking, in terms of alcohol as the solvent, the molecular
weight of alcohol is higher, while the viscosity of the PVB solution is also
higher; xylene and toluene as solvent and aromatic hydrocarbons (Hydrocarbon)
solvent can be diluted agent to reduce the viscosity of the PVB solution on;
effect of chemical composition on the viscosity of PVB is summarized as
follows, in the same solvent, the content of each group under the same degree
of polymerization, the higher the solution viscosity is high; the same in the
same solvent, polymerization degree, acetal or acetic acid based higher
solution viscosity is low.
Dissolution
method of PVB
The
use of mixed solvent occasions, the first step is dissolved into aromatic
solvents (such as xylene and toluene) or solvents (such as n-butyl acetate,
ethyl acetate, etc.) to stir slowly into the PVB to PVB dispersion, bentonite
and adding alcohols (such as butanol, ethanol, etc.) at this time by Heating Thawing
time; using this dissolution method, can avoid a mass (Lump) PVB (due to the
formation of mass PVB after lysis time will increase several times, which can
accelerate the dissolution rate). Generally aromatic species and alcohols
solvent ratio 60/40 ~ 40/60 (weight ratio), can be deployed low viscosity PVB
solution. The hydrogen content (Hydrogen, bonding) of the alcohol solvent can
be increased by the water content of 2 to 3wt% in the solvent composition,
which can help the solubility of PVB.
Processing,
Properties
Although
PVB is a thermoplastic plastic resin, but before adding plasticizer almost no
processing, but after the processing of adding plasticizer is very easy. PVB
and phosphate (phosphate ester) such as TBP, TCP; phthalic acid ester (two phthalated
ester), such as DOP, DBP, BBP and castor; oil, triethylene glycol di-butyrate
compatible plasticizer. General paint and then agent uses to change the resin
properties to meet the application requirements by adding plasticizers, such as
skin softness, reducing the resin Tg, reducing temperature, heat sealing to
maintain low temperature flexibility etc..
Compatibility
PVB
is compatible with a wide range of resins such as phenolic resins, epoxy
resins, alkyd resins (Alkyd, resin) and melamine resins (Melamine, resin).
B-08SY, B-06SY and B-05SY with higher degree of acetalization of nitrocellulose
in any proportion. PVB and alkyd resin can be partially compatible. In general,
PVB and low molecular weight epoxy resins are compatible, while high molecular
weight epoxy resins require PVB with high acetal content.
Main
applications of PVB with different viscosities
Viscosity
CPS Application
60-100
plastic finishing agent
60~150 PVB intermediate membrane
210~270 copper foil agent
120~180
copper foil agent
80~120
copper foil agent
150~220 copper foil agent
100~150 copper foil agent
60~100 copper foil agent
120~180 rust primer, transfer ink, ceramic agent
70~100
rust primer, transfer ink,
ceramic agent
40~70 printing ink, transfer ink, ceramic agent
35~60
printing ink, transfer ink, ceramic agent
10~30
corrosion primer, transfer
ink, printing ink
90~150 baking finish
100~160
ceramic agent
30~80 ceramic agent
10~30
ceramic agent
Distribution
of degree of polymerization and molecular weight distribution of PVB
Polymerization
(DP) molecular weight
distribution (MW)
1,700~1,800 105,000~112,000
800~900 51,000~57,000
600~700 36,000~46,000
400~500 25,000~28,000
300~400 21,000~25,000
800~900 51,000~57,000
600~700 36,000~46,000
300~400 21,000~25,500
2,400~2,500 140,000~150,000
2,000~2,100 120,000~130,000
1,700~1,800 105,000~112,000
Application of
PVB
Additive/Rheology,
Agent
PVB
can improve the rheological properties of epoxy resins and improve the
toughness of epoxy resins when they are additives such as composites and
additives.
Wash,
Primer/Etch, Primer/Shop, Primer
PVB
Wash Primer is one of the main uses of PVB, used in iron and steel, galvanized
iron, aluminum and other metal surface rust paper processing; common
applications such as aircraft, ship, bridge, storage tank, automobile and
motorcycle engine surface primer, train, highway signs, dam protection,
Automotive
Repair/Retouch Lacquer
Automotive
steel repair primer can be made of PVB resin / phenolic resin / epoxy resin
coating formula, can achieve a good following strength.
Binders, for,
Ceramics
Because
PVB has the particle porosity and surface properties in particular, so put into
the solvent can be quickly dissolved in polar and nonpolar solvents most, and
to give strength and softness of the embryo is good, in addition to PVB and a
variety of commonly used solvents and plasticizers can be compatible, at the
same time in sintering process can completely clean combustion therefore, PVB
is often used in forming the ceramic blade (Tape Casting) or other ceramic
related processes (such as extrusion, injection, granulation...... Such as the
use of adhesive).
Blake-lining Binder
PVB can improve
the toughness of phenolic resin, so PVB and phenolic resin can be used as brake
pads.
Can Coating/Stoving
Enamels/Foil Lacquers
The PVB coating on aluminum, copper, lead and metal plate or metal foil can increase its strength and water-resistant properties, and has the function of surface protection; some metal printing engineering can increase its nationality PVB coating printability. PVB can be used for coating aluminum foil or metal cans for food packaging.
The PVB coating on aluminum, copper, lead and metal plate or metal foil can increase its strength and water-resistant properties, and has the function of surface protection; some metal printing engineering can increase its nationality PVB coating printability. PVB can be used for coating aluminum foil or metal cans for food packaging.
The
general heat hardening resin coating (such as phenolic resin, melamine resin)
and PVB, to improve the coating uniformity, and reduce the occurrence of
pinholes, and then increase film strength and anti sideswiper, toughness and so
on.
Candle Coating
PVB
and the amount of plasticizer can be blended by candle wax impregnated glue can
reduce the vertical flow; adding pigment can be made into candles painted
lacquer.
Cardboard Packaging Impregnation
PVB
is soluble in alcohol solvent and can be used as coating or spray paint for
packing paperboard. It can endow the board with water resistance and bending
resistance. Common applications such as cigarettes, wine boxes, etc..
Soncrete Paints
PVB
and phenolic resin are used as the primers for cement surface, which can
prevent the cement from seeping and protect the finish coat, and increase the
service life of the finish coat.
Printing Inks
Because
PVB has excellent film, adhesion, flexibility, can be used letterpress printing
ink (Gravure Printing Inks), ink letterpress printing, rubber adhesive for
letterpress printing; in addition PVB is soluble in low boiling point solvent
used in fast printing.
Binder for Predispersed Pigments
Low
viscosity PVB can be applied to the manufacture of disperse pigments.
Flow Agent in
Powder Coatings
For
powder coating without any solvent, can save solvent, storage and
transportation costs and the traditional coating solvent for energy, and can
avoid the air pollution, in recent years in the application are increasing;
powder coating based on epoxy resin as the main body, adding PVB can increase
the resistance value in effect and strength of edge-covering film the.
Sizing agent，alcoholic
Because
of the transparency of PVB itself, it can be light resistant and aging
resistant. It has strong adhesion to nylon, cotton, wool, polyester fiber,
glass fiber and other difficult products, and the coating has good flexibility
and good handle. If thermosetting resin such as urea resin, phenolic resin,
melamine resin and so on from the bridge, reflecting the effective period of
growth can be achieved, and given waterproof. Anti pollution, good appearance,
can be used for curtains, shower curtain, tablecloths, coverings, rain,
uniforms and other processing.
Gear Paints Resistant
Because
PVB itself has good oil resistance, and thermosetting resin and coating by
baking after crosslinking which has good adhesion and resistance to gasoline,
oil and other characteristics, can be used for metal parts inside the tank or
other oil resistant.
Heat Sealable Lacquers
Paper,
metal foil or other materials after coating PVB glue, can be applied to packing
material heat sealing, and can improve the luster of packing material, and also
can get special effect by pressing lines. Heat sealing temperature to refer to
all kinds of degree of polymerization of PVB and softening point, also can add
plasticizer to reduce heat sealing temperature.
Hot Sealable Lacquers
PVB
transferred to plasticizers, wax, resin flow and antioxidant as hot melt
adhesive. It may also add pigments or other additives that are suitable for
difficult, subsequent, or demanding occasions of transparency, followed by
applications, such as metal foil bonding.
Implosion Protection
PVB
and glass have good continuity, glass coating, PVB glue will form a layer of
colorless transparent film, can prevent broken glass products, fragmentation,
wounding, its application, such as the internal coating of the bulb.
Leather Coatings
PVB
and nitrocellulose, plasticity and pigment with leather coating, can obtain
excellent softness and then long and can prevent coating cracking peeling. The
PVB mixture of nitrocellulose, can produce a strong adhesion of leather,
leather and leather can be made into agent.
Strippable Packaging Lacquers
Low
viscosity PVB and making the tearing temporary protection film with
plasticizer.
Magnetic Recording Tape Coatings
The
magnetic powder excellent dispersibility and then use PVB, can be used for
high-grade adhesive tape
Nitrocellulose Lacquers
PVB
and also part of the nitrocellulose compatibility, so PVB and PVB can improve
the nitrocellulose film hardness, and then improve the nitrocellulose.
Paper Lacquer
Paper
by coating PVB/ plasticizer system glue, besides the heat sealing and oil
resistance but also can increase the print gloss.
Surface Finishes/Glossy Protection Paints
In
addition to alcohols solvents, most solvents will corrode the surface of
plastic products; and PVB is easily soluble in alcohol solvents, the most
suitable for PS, PMMA, PC, ABS and other plastic products surface coating. On
the plastic surface coating PVB protective film to increase strength, gloss or
dyeing adhesive.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
Applied
to OPP or PVC pressure-sensitive adhesive tape.
Printed Circuit Board Adhesive
PVB,
phenolic resin and epoxy resin are used together. Copper foil is applied on
copper foil, and then laminated with impregnated paper to form laminated board.
Excellent heat resistance, peeling strength and dielectric property are
obtained.
Reflecting Sheet Binder
The
combination of PVB and amino resin is suitable for adhesion of reflector.
Safety Helmets for Work and Sport
Kevlar
fiber or other fibers in PVB and phenolic resin glue or PVB modified glue
dipping drying, light weight and safety helmet impact set good to hot pressing.
Binder for Nonwoven Cloth
PVB
has good strength and softness for most fibers, so PVB can be applied to
nonwoven fabrics and then.
Binder for Compression
PVB
has good continuity with most of the fibers and powders, so PVB mixes with
these substances and makes all kinds of objects in a hot pressing manner.
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