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How Temperature Affects Viscosity

  How Temperature Affects Viscosity: Viscosity can be defined as the internal friction that occurs as a material flow, relative to itself....

2018年12月4日星期二

Zonwon IVS800-2 Automatic Viscosity Measuring System



FULL AUTOMATIC MACHINE

1.Auto sampling

2.Auto measuring

3.Auto caulate

4.Auto washing



Measuring Range: 0.3…100,000mm2/s(MPa ﹒s)

Temp Accuracy: Betterthan±0.01℃

Timing accuracy: 0.01 s

Temperature range: 5-95 ℃

Measure position: 2

Heating power: 1 kw

Weight: 50 kg

Size:  66x32x68cm  L*W*H

2018年8月16日星期四

Kinematic viscosity and dynamic viscosity unit conversion table

http://www.zonwontech.com/%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E7%B2%98%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E6%8D%A2%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%A8%E5%92%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%E7%B2%98%E5%BA%A6%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E6%8D%A2%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%A8

2018年8月7日星期二

International standards - Plastics and rubber

International standards - Plastics and rubber
ASTM D1238 This test method covers measurement of the rate of extrusion of molten resins through a die of a specified length and diameter under prescribed conditions of temperature, load, and piston position in the barrel as the timed measurement is being made.
ASTM D1414 These test methods describe the procedures for determining the physical properties of O-rings and changes in these properties due to aging.
ASTM D1456 This test method covers determination of the elongation of soft vulcanized rubber compounds under a specified stress.
ASTM D1621 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics.
ASTM D1708 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile strength and elongation properties of plastics in the form of standard microtensile test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. It can be used for specimens of any thickness up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.), including thin films.
ASTM D1894 This test method covers determination of the coefficients of starting and sliding friction of plastic film and sheeting when sliding over itself or other substances at specified test conditions. The procedure permits the use of a stationary sled with a moving plane, or a moving sled with a stationary plane. Both procedures yield the same coefficients of friction values for a given sample.
ASTM D2412 This test method covers the determination of load-deflection characteristics of plastic pipe under parallel-plate loading.
ASTM D2653 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of "as produced" elastomeric yarns made from natural rubber, spandex or other elastomers, using a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine.
ASTM D2731 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of "as produced" elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
ASTM D2990 These test methods cover the determination of tensile and compressive creep and creep-rupture of plastics under specified environmental conditions
ASTM D3291 This practice determines the compatibility of plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) plastics by rating the amount of plasticizer that spews due to compressional stress set up inside a 180 loop bend.
ASTM D380 These test methods describe procedures for inspection and test of all types and constructions of rubber hose.
ASTM D3826 This practice covers the determination of a degradation-end point (a brittle point) for degradable polyethylene/polypropylene films and sheeting less than 1.0 mm (0.04 in.) thick.
ASTM D3846 This test method covers the determination of the in-plane shear strength of reinforced thermosetting plastics in flat sheet form in thicknesses ranging from 2.54 to 6.60 mm (0.100 to 0.260 in.)
ASTM D3914 This test method covers the determination of the in-plane shear strength of pultruded, glass-fiber reinforced, thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 19 to 32 mm (¾ to 1¼ in.)
ASTM D3916 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tensile properties of pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 3.2 mm (1/ 8 in.) to 25.4 mm (1 in.)
ASTM D395 These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to compressive stresses in air or liquid media. They are applicable particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings, vibration dampers, and seals.
ASTM D412 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials.
ASTM D413 These test methods cover the determination of the adhesion strength between plies of fabric bonded with rubber or the adhesion of the rubber layer in articles made from rubber attached to other material.
ASTM D429 These test methods cover procedures for testing the static adhesional strength of rubber to rigid materials (in most cases metals).
ASTM D4321 This test method covers the determination of yield (area per unit mass) of plastic film.
ASTM D4475 This test method covers the determination of the apparent horizontal shear strength of fiber reinforced plastic rods.
ASTM D4476 This test method covers the determination of the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods.
ASTM D4482 This test method covers the determination of fatigue life of rubber compounds undergoing a tensile-strain cycle. During part of the cycle, the strain is relaxed to a zero value.
ASTM D5083 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test specimens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.
ASTM D5748 This test method determines the resistance of a stretch wrap film to the penetration of a probe at a standard low rate, a single test velocity.
ASTM D575 These test methods describe two test procedures for determining the compression-deflection characteristics of rubber compounds other than those usually classified as hard rubber and sponge rubber.
ASTM D5868 This test method describes a lap shear test for use in measuring the bonding characteristics of adhesives for joining fiber reinforced plastics to themselves and to metals. The method is applicable to random and fiber oriented FRP.
ASTM D6049 The viscosity and elasticity of unvulcanized rubbers and rubber compounds are determined by subjecting cylindrical test pieces to a compression/recovery cycle. The dependency on shear rate at constant shear stress is evaluated and the material fatigue behavior is determined in repeat cycle testing.
ASTM D6147 This standard specifies two methods for determining the decrease in counterforce exerted by a test specimen of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic elastomer which has been compressed at a constant deformation under specified conditions of time and temperature.
ASTM D624 This test method describes procedures for measuring a property of conventional vulcanized thermoset rubber and thermoplastic elastomers called tear strength.
ASTM D6272 This test method covers the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes.
ASTM D6324 These test methods cover and shall be used to evaluate male condoms made of various synthetic materials.
ASTM D638 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics in the form of standard dumbbell-shaped test specimens when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.
ASTM D6515 This test method covers a procedure to determine the recovery response of rubber after particular bending deformation, subsequent to aging in selected media at a specified temperature, and for a specified time period, thus providing a measure of the relative performance potential of compounds used in the manufacture of shaft seals.
ASTM D6742 This practice provides instructions for modifying open-hole tension and compression test methods to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths.
ASTM D6746 This test method describes a method to evaluate a characteristic of raw rubber or unvulcanized rubber compounds, or both, that is designated as tensile green strength.
ASTM D695 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading.
ASTM D732 This test method covers the punch-type of shear test and is intended for use in determining the shear strength of test specimens of organic plastics in the form of sheets and molded disks in thicknesses from 0.127 to 12.7 mm (0.050 to 0.500 in.)
ASTM D790 These test methods cover the determination of flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics, including high-modulus composites and electrical insulating materials in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes.
ASTM D882 These test methods describe tests to measure the properties of adhesives, commonly called rubber cements, that may be applied in plastic or fluid form and that are manufactured from natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic elastomers, or combinations of these materials.
ASTM D926 This test method covers the determination of plasticity and recovery of unvulcanized rubber by means of the parallel plate plastometer. Uncompounded, compounded, and reclaim rubber may be tested.
ASTM D953 This test method covers the determination of the bearing strength of rigid plastics in either sheet or molded form.
ASTM F1304 This test method is used to determine the deflection of relatively rigid resilient floor tile such as vinyl composition tile.
ASTM F152 These test methods cover the determination of tensile strength of certain nonmetallic gasketing materials at room temperature.
ASTM F1574 This test method covers the determination of compressive strength characteristics (crush-extrusion resistance) of gasket materials at elevated temperature.
ASTM F2018 This test method covers the requirements to determine the time-to-failure of thermoplastic resins for piping applications by uniaxial loading of a grooved tensile test specimen.
ASTM F36 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of sheet-gasket materials.
ASTM F607 This test method provides a means of determining the degree to which gasket materials under compressive load adhere to metal surfaces.
ASTM F806 This test method covers determination of the short-time compressibility and recovery at room temperature of laminated composite gasket materials.

2018年7月20日星期五

DP25 Pipettor


Precision: 10ul,30ul,50ul optional Range: Any volume is fine. Size: 260*290*165 mm Power: DC 24V/2A Working Temperature: 25±5 ℃ Working Humidity:below 80% SelfCorrection: Yes Suitable: Acid,Alkaline,organic solvent

2018年7月7日星期六

Say Something about Viscosity Testing

Hello Anyone who read this article.

I write this article because i have received many question about how to operate our machine.
Why need viscosity testing.
What can viscometer do.

Let’s learn something first.

What is viscosity?

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.-------Wikipedia

 

What is Ubbelohde viscometer?

An Ubbelohde type viscometer or suspended-level viscometer is a measuring instrument which uses a capillary based method of measuring viscosity.
A liquid is introduced into the reservoir then sucked through the capillary and measuring bulb. The liquid is allowed to travel back through the measuring bulb and the time it takes for the liquid to pass through two calibrated marks is a measure for viscosity.
The Ubbelohde device has a third arm extending from the end of the capillary and open to the atmosphere. In this way the pressure head only depends on a fixed height and no longer on the total volume of liquid.-------Wikipedia



Why testing viscosity?

Gathering viscosity data on a material gives manufacturers the ability to predict how the material will behave in the real world. For example, if toothpaste does not have the correct viscosity, it can either be too difficult to pump out from the tube, or pump out too much. 
Knowing the viscosity of a material also affects how the production and transportation processes are designed. 

Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids.  

Isaac Newton, the man to discover this formula, thought that, at a given temperature and shear stress, the viscosity of a fluid would remain constant regardless of changes to the shear rate. 
He was only partly right. A few fluids, such as water and honey, do behave this way. We call these fluids Newtonian fluids. Most fluids, however, have viscosities that fluctuate depending on the shear rate. These are called Non-Newtonian fluids.
There are five types of non-Newtonian fluids: thixotropic, rheopectic, pseudoplastic, dilatant, and plastic. Different considerations are required when measuring each of these fluid types.

How many accessories required for Viscosity testing?

Simple, follow the stander.

For example, if we testing the PET viscosity, we following the stander GB 17931 or GB/T 14190 or ASTM D4603 or ISO 1628-5.
All the details and progress were listed on the stander.
Take GB 17931 for example,its process as following:
I have oranisged the accessories list as below.
Instruments and Solvent for PET Viscosity Measuring Project
Prepare the sample
Function

Stander


Sample Bag
12cm*17cm(Suggest)

Prepare the sample
Prepare the sample


Stander


Sessior
11.5cm Scissors

cut sample small for dissolving
Sample Preparation


Stander


Analytical Balances
Precision 0.1mg

Sample weighing
Dissolving Bottle
50ml or 100 ml Volume
Based on ISO1042 stander,With ground glass stopper
Hold sample and solvent
Weighing paper
120mm*120mm(Suggest)


Conical flask
100ml


Pipette
25ml

Transfer fix volume liquid
Filter appliance
Sand core funnel
40um~100um diameter or Stainless steel mesh plug,0.075mm2
Filter impurities
Sample Dissolving
Temp range 0~120℃

Dissovling the sample
Electric blast drying box


Drying flask with
Vacuum drying oven
Pressure<100kPa

If the sample moisture exceeds the standard for drying
Solvent

Weight 1:1 or 3:2 phenol/tetrachloroethane solution, accurately weighed at least 1%.


The density ranges are 1.280 ± 0.003 g/cm3 and 1.235 ± 0.003 g/cm3, At 25 degrees ± 0.02
Water



Chromic acid lotion


cleaning the ubbelohde tube
Glass bottle
Brown,5000ml

solvent storage
Dryer and silicone


Hold stander PET chips
Ethanol
AR Stander

Cleaning and dry the tubes
Phenol
AR Stander


Tetrachloroethane
AR Stander

Ear wash ball



Environment Required


Stander


Fume hood
able acid and alkali corrosion resistance

Toxic and hazardous reagents must be operated in a ventilated environment
Air conditioning


The experimental environment should be controlled at 25°C
Tips: the reagent having toxicity test method should avoid contact with skin and inhalation of vapors.                                                                                     Operators should take appropriate safety and health precautions.

How to choose the viscometer?

First,know what sample you are going to test? Its it PET or Food?
Our viscometer only applied to test the viscosity of Newtonian liquid

How to use the viscometer?
For more details,please refer to our YouTube Video.




For more details,please feels free to contact.
Kent
WhatApp/Wechat: +86 13388604020